ASEAN Must Help to Fill the Global Leadership Vacuum to Protect its Regional Backyard

A general view of the 32nd ASEAN Regional Forum at the Convention Centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, July 11, 2025 | Photo by REUTERS/Hasnoor Hussain/File Photo Purchase Licensing Rights

In an article by East Asia Forum, Mari Pangestu and Julia Tijaja discuss the need for ASEAN to strengthen regional resilience in light of geopolitical tensions and the negative effects of US tariffs on the region's economy. By deepening regional integration, fully implementing RCEP, coordinating and addressing reforms and priorities, ASEAN may turn these issues into an opportunity for growth and leadership.

In a world of great power competition and global uncertainties, the litmus test for ASEAN’s survival is whether it can avoid being trampled when the geopolitical elephants fight. The challenge is becoming greater as the frontiers of competition multiply.

These changes challenge the rules-based multilateral system that underpins decades of ASEAN growth and development. The region is critically exposed to geoeconomic fracture and fragmentation, but through closer coordination ASEAN can mitigate the impact and take the lead in shaping future global governance. It can start by strengthening regional markets and realising the RCEP vision — doing so require bold actions.

Analysis shows the negative effects from US reciprocal tariffs on regional GDP, exports, investments and jobs. The negative effects increase if there is retaliation and broader protection. But if ASEAN deepens regional integration and fully implements the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) with its partners, it can turn the tide.